簡單(dan)來說(shuo):電(dian)機中固定的部分(fen)叫做定子（stator）,在其上(shang)面(mian)裝(zhuang)設(she)了成對的直流勵磁的靜(jing)止的主磁極(ji);而旋(xuan)轉部分(fen)(轉子-rotor）叫電(dian)樞(shu)鐵心,在上(shang)面(mian)要裝(zhuang)設(she)電(dian)樞(shu)繞(rao)組,通電(dian)后產(chan)生感應電(dian)動勢(shi),充當旋(xuan)轉磁場.后產(chan)生電(dian)磁轉矩進行能量轉換.以定子繞(rao)組的形(xing)狀與嵌(qian)裝(zhuang)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)區分(fen)，定子繞(rao)組根據線圈(quan)繞(rao)制的形(xing)狀與嵌(qian)裝(zhuang)布線方式(shi)(shi)(shi)不同，可(ke)分(fen)為集中式(shi)(shi)(shi)和分(fen)布式(shi)(shi)(shi)兩類。

馬(ma)達(da)轉子(zi)定(ding)子(zi)中的(de)(de)定(ding)子(zi)用于產(chan)生(sheng)勵磁(ci)磁(ci)場.對處(chu)在(zai)其中的(de)(de)通電導體產(chan)生(sheng)力(li)的(de)(de)作用。

轉子槽中有電樞繞組,當電樞繞組通電時,就會在勵磁作用下(xia)旋轉。

轉子(zi)轉動，將(jiang)電能轉化為機械(xie)能 。

不(bu)同種(zhong)類的(de)電機，電子、轉子的(de)結構也不(bu)同，但相同的(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)：定子是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)動的(de)，產生磁(ci)場；轉子是(shi)(shi)(shi)轉動的(de)，在定子的(de)磁(ci)場中受(shou)力轉動。

在(zai)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)中(zhong)，（含交(jiao)直流(liu)兩用電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)）電(dian)(dian)(dian)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)和換向器（整流(liu)子(zi)）配合協調使轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)通入的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)產生(sheng)的(de)磁(ci)極性始終(zhong)和定子(zi)的(de)磁(ci)極性相(xiang)吸而形成旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)磁(ci)場，使轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)。在(zai)三相(xiang)交(jiao)流(liu)繞線轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)中(zhong)，碳(tan)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)只是在(zai)啟動(dong)時向轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)并且在(zai)達到(dao)正(zheng)常轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速后由(you)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)握將三個碳(tan)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)脫(tuo)離電(dian)(dian)(dian)源后自動(dong)短路而轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換成類似電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)。

馬達(da)轉子(zi)定子(zi)分布式繞組(zu)

分(fen)布式(shi)(shi)繞組的電動(dong)機(ji)定(ding)子沒(mei)有凸形極掌，每(mei)個(ge)磁(ci)極由一個(ge)或(huo)幾(ji)個(ge)線圈(quan)按照一定(ding)的規律嵌裝(zhuang)布線組成線圈(quan)組，通電后(hou)形成不同極性的磁(ci)極，故也稱隱極式(shi)(shi)。根據嵌裝(zhuang)布線排列形式(shi)(shi)的不同，分(fen)布式(shi)(shi)繞組又(you)可分(fen)為同心式(shi)(shi)和疊式(shi)(shi)兩類。

1、同(tong)心(xin)式繞(rao)組(zu) 同(tong)心(xin)式繞(rao)組(zu)是由幾個(ge)形(xing)狀相似但(dan)大小不同(tong)的(de)線(xian)圈，按同(tong)一(yi)中心(xin)位置嵌裝成(cheng)(cheng)回字(zi)形(xing)狀的(de)線(xian)圈組(zu)。同(tong)心(xin)繞(rao)組(zu)可根據不同(tong)的(de)布線(xian)方(fang)式而構成(cheng)(cheng)雙平(ping)面(mian)(mian)或(huo)三平(ping)面(mian)(mian)繞(rao)組(zu)。一(yi)般單相電動機(ji)(ji)及部分小功(gong)率或(huo)大跨距線(xian)圈的(de)三相異步(bu)電動機(ji)(ji)的(de)定子(zi)繞(rao)組(zu)采用這種(zhong)型式。

2、疊(die)(die)(die)(die)式(shi)(shi)(shi)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)疊(die)(die)(die)(die)式(shi)(shi)(shi)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)一般(ban)是由形狀(zhuang)、大小(xiao)(xiao)相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)的線圈，分(fen)別以每(mei)(mei)槽(cao)(cao)嵌(qian)(qian)裝1個(ge)或兩(liang)個(ge)線圈邊(bian)，并在槽(cao)(cao)外端部逐個(ge)相(xiang)疊(die)(die)(die)(die)均(jun)勻分(fen)布(bu)(bu)的形式(shi)(shi)(shi)。疊(die)(die)(die)(die)式(shi)(shi)(shi)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)又分(fen)單(dan)層(ceng)疊(die)(die)(die)(die)式(shi)(shi)(shi)和雙(shuang)層(ceng)疊(die)(die)(die)(die)式(shi)(shi)(shi)兩(liang)種。每(mei)(mei)槽(cao)(cao)只嵌(qian)(qian)入一個(ge)線圈邊(bian)的為單(dan)層(ceng)疊(die)(die)(die)(die)式(shi)(shi)(shi)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)，或稱單(dan)疊(die)(die)(die)(die)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)；每(mei)(mei)槽(cao)(cao)嵌(qian)(qian)入兩(liang)個(ge)屬不(bu)同(tong)(tong)線圈組(zu)(zu)(zu)的線圈邊(bian)時是分(fen)置于槽(cao)(cao)中上、下層(ceng)，為雙(shuang)層(ceng)疊(die)(die)(die)(die)式(shi)(shi)(shi)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)，或稱雙(shuang)疊(die)(die)(die)(die)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)。馬達轉子定(ding)子根據嵌(qian)(qian)裝布(bu)(bu)線方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變化不(bu)同(tong)(tong)，疊(die)(die)(die)(die)式(shi)(shi)(shi)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)又可派(pai)生出(chu)交叉式(shi)(shi)(shi)、同(tong)(tong)心交叉式(shi)(shi)(shi)以及(ji)單(dan)雙(shuang)層(ceng)混合式(shi)(shi)(shi)等型式(shi)(shi)(shi)。目前(qian)，一般(ban)功率(lv)較(jiao)大的三相(xiang)異步電動機(ji)定(ding)子繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)較(jiao)多采用雙(shuang)層(ceng)疊(die)(die)(die)(die)式(shi)(shi)(shi)；而小(xiao)(xiao)電機(ji)則多用單(dan)層(ceng)疊(die)(die)(die)(die)式(shi)(shi)(shi)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)中的派(pai)生型式(shi)(shi)(shi)，但極(ji)少(shao)采用單(dan)層(ceng)疊(die)(die)(die)(die)式(shi)(shi)(shi)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)。

轉子繞組

交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)異步電動機(ji)(ji)的(de)轉(zhuan)子繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)分鼠(shu)(shu)籠型(xing)與(yu)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)線(xian)型(xing)兩(liang)(liang)類。鼠(shu)(shu)籠型(xing)結構較為簡(jian)單(dan)，一(yi)般(ban)由合金鋁澆注人(ren)轉(zhuan)子鐵心槽(cao)內(nei)并由兩(liang)(liang)端(duan)端(duan)環短接而成；也有(you)用銅條嵌入(ru)再焊(han)上(shang)銅質端(duan)環的(de)。為了改善起動性(xing)能，鼠(shu)(shu)籠型(xing)又可(ke)(ke)制成深槽(cao)式(shi)及(ji)雙鼠(shu)(shu)籠等特殊型(xing)式(shi)。繞(rao)(rao)(rao)線(xian)型(xing)轉(zhuan)子繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)與(yu)定子繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)相(xiang)同，它除可(ke)(ke)用上(shang)述各式(shi)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)外，還可(ke)(ke)用波(bo)形繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。波(bo)形繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)是由單(dan)匝或幾匝的(de)桿(gan)形單(dan)元線(xian)圈，嵌裝后由兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)元件(jian)在端(duan)部焊(han)接成一(yi)只線(xian)圈，并形成整個(ge)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，其布(bu)接線(xian)原(yuan)理(li)與(yu)上(shang)述繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)不同，但外形與(yu)雙層疊繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)相(xiang)似。波(bo)形繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)常應用于大型(xing)的(de)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電動機(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)子繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)及(ji)直流(liu)(liu)馬達轉(zhuan)子定子電動機(ji)(ji)的(de)電樞繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。